Dejar de utilizar la API de opciones en Vue

Vue 3 introduced a new approach to creating components called Composición API. It is an alternative to the Options API. The Composition API is fully optional and you don’t need to use it if you want to use Vue 3. However, it introduces some important improvements that make your work easier and improve the readability of the código.

Advantages of Composition API over Options API

1. Better code organization and readability.

The Composition API introduces a new method called setup. Inside it, you can create all the necessary elements of the component, such as: datos, métodos, computed properties, watchers. Thanks to this, you can keep the code clean by placing the logic responsible for a given feature in one place. In contrast, the Options API forced the scattering of the logic throughout the file. As a result, the code was not readable and required scrolling. In Composition API methods, watchers etc. no longer need to be grouped by type, you can put them as you see fit.

2. Extracting out and reusing logic.

The Composition API allows you to write reactive code anywhere. You can pull some reactive logic outside of the component. This type of code is called Composables. Composables can be imported into many components and allow you to encapsulate some logic and expose the necessary reactive elements.

// shopping-list.js
import ( computed ) from "vue";

export function useShoppingList(listId) (
  const products = shoppingList.getAllProducts(listId);
  const productsCount = computed(() => products.value.length);
  const deleteProduct = (productId) => shoppingList.deleteProduct(productId);

  return (
    products,
    productsCount,
    deleteProduct,
  );
)

// Component
import useSpoppingList from "@/composables/shopping-list.js";
export default (
  setup() (
    const ( products, productsCount, deleteProduct ) = useSpoppingList();
    return ( products, productsCount, deleteProduct );
  ),
);

3. Easily use constants and external resources in component.

In the Options API, to add e.g. a static list of items imported from another file, you need to add it to data() (which has a negative impact on performance) or add it to this en created(). Both ways are not very elegant. The Composition API and the new setup method come to the rescue, from which you can export not only reactive things but also constants and external dependencies.

import list from "./list.json";
export default (
  setup() (
    return ( list );
  ),
);

4. You can even use the Composition API in Vue 2.

Thanks to the official @vue/composition-api plugin, you can use Composition API in Vue 2 también.

How to use the new Composition API?

<h3>Setup method</h3>

setup() is a new method added in Vue 3 where you can put all the necessary items such as data objects, methods etc. From there you can return the elements you want to include in the template.

<template>
  <div>(( count ))</div>
</template>

import ( ref ) from "vue";
export default (
  setup() (
    const count = ref(10);
    return ( count );
  ),
);

reactive()

To create a reactive object or array you have to create it with the reactive(defaultValue) method. You can pass the initial value of this object via a method argument. The method returns a proxy for this object, so when you make changes to it, Vue knows about them and can properly refresh the view.

Composición API

import ( reactive ) from "vue";
export default (
  setup() (
    const user = reactive((
      name: "John",
      role: "ADMIN",
    ));
    return ( user );
  ),
);

Options API

export default (
  data() (
    return (
      user: (
        name: "John",
        role: "ADMIN",
      ),
    );
  ),
);

Reactive only works for object types (objects, arrays, and collection types such as Map y Set). It cannot hold primitive types such as cadena, number o boolean. So Vue also introduces ref().

ref()

To add reactivity to primitive elements you have to wrap them with ref().

Composición API

import ( ref ) from "vue";
export default (
  setup() (
    const count = ref(10);
    return ( count );
  ),
);

Options API

export default (
  data() (
    return (
      count: 10,
    );
  ),
);

Modifying reactive objects

You can change values in objects from the reactive method directly, but to change primitive values you must use the .value campo.

import ( ref, reactive ) from "vue";
export default (
  setup() (
    const user = reactive((
      name: "John",
    ));
    user.name = "John Doe"; // Value change

    const count = ref(10);
    count.value = 20;  // Value change

    return (
      user,
      count,
    );
  ),
);

You don’t need to use the .value property in the template.

<div>(( count ))</div>

Computed Properties

Computed properties can be easily created by passing a method as a parameter to the imported computed() método.

import ( reactive, computed ) from "vue";
export default (
  setup() (
    const list = reactive([
      "Item 1",
      "Item 2",
    ]);

    // Computed
    const isEmpty = computed(() => list.length === 0);

    return (
      list,
      isEmpty,
    );
  ),
);

Methods

You can also nest methods in the setup método.

Composición API

import ( ref ) from "vue";
export default (
  setup() (
    const count = ref(10);

        // Method
    const increment = () => (
      count.value++;
    );

    return (
      count,
      increment,
    );
  ),
);

Watchers

Watchers are created in a similar way to computed. However, remember to pass the proxy objeto, i.e. nombre, as in the example below, not the name.value value itself.

import ( watch, ref ) from "vue";
export default (
  setup() (
    const name = ref("John");
        // Watcher
    watch(name, (currentValue, oldValue) => (
      console.log(`Value changed from $(oldValue)to $(currentValue)`);
    ));
    return ( name );
  ),
);

Resumen

In this article, I have only given you the basics of the Composition API so that you have a general understanding of how it differs and what advantages it has compared to the Options API. The Composition API also provides alternatives to the rest of the component’s elements, such as hooks, and introduces new methods, such as watchEffect. It is a good idea to read it in the official Vue 3 documentation.