{"id":3623,"date":"2023-06-13T13:29:49","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T13:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/the-codest.localhost\/blog\/the-power-of-hexagonal-architecture\/"},"modified":"2024-09-10T07:51:21","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T07:51:21","slug":"sesstura-formas-arhitekturas-speks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/lv\/blog\/the-power-of-hexagonal-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"Se\u0161st\u016brain\u0101s arhitekt\u016bras sp\u0113ks"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0160aj\u0101 visaptvero\u0161aj\u0101 ce\u013cved\u012b m\u0113s iedzi\u013cin\u0101simies nians\u0113s, kas saist\u012btas ar Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, p\u0113tot t\u0101s defin\u012bciju, sast\u0101vda\u013cas un v\u0113sturi. M\u0113s sal\u012bdzin\u0101sim Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> un citiem popul\u0101riem arhitekt\u016bras mode\u013ciem, lai izceltu t\u0101s unik\u0101l\u0101s priek\u0161roc\u012bbas. M\u0113s ar\u012b apl\u016bkosim t\u0101 b\u016btisko lomu uz dom\u0113nu orient\u0113t\u0101 projekt\u0113\u0161an\u0101 (Domain-Driven Design (DDD)) un izstr\u0101d\u0113. mikroservisi<\/a>, kas k\u013c\u016bst arvien noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101ki m\u016bsdienu pasaul\u0113. programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101de<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1. Ievads se\u0161st\u016bra arhitekt\u016br\u0101<\/h2>\n

Dinamiskaj\u0101 ainav\u0101 programmat\u016bras arhitekt\u016bra<\/a><\/strong>, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, kas paz\u012bstams ar\u012b k\u0101 ostu un Adapteru modelis<\/strong>, ir k\u013cuvusi par sp\u0113c\u012bgu konkurenti, kas pak\u0101peniski apstr\u012bd normas, kuras nosaka tradicion\u0101l\u0101 daudzsl\u0101\u0146ain\u0101 arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

To noteica nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba p\u0113c arhitekt\u016bras dizaina, kas var\u0113tu nodro\u0161in\u0101t vieglu test\u0113\u0161anu un uzlabotu uztur\u0113jam\u012bbu, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> tika iecer\u0113ts. T\u0101s misija: nodro\u0161in\u0101t stabilu programmat\u016bras lietojumprogrammas<\/strong> \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s pasaules sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bba un nepast\u0101v\u012bba.<\/p>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 m\u0113s dosimies ce\u013cojum\u0101 cauri hronik\u0101m par Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> - arhitekt\u016bra, kas ir vienk\u0101r\u0161as un jaud\u012bgas arhitekt\u016bras saikne. M\u0113s atkl\u0101sim t\u0101s v\u0113sturi, strukt\u016bru un principus, k\u0101 ar\u012b sal\u012bdzin\u0101sim to ar cit\u0101m arhitekt\u016br\u0101m. arhitekt\u016bras mode\u013ci<\/strong>. M\u0113s izp\u0113t\u012bsim t\u0101s potenci\u0101lu uzlabot programmat\u016bras lietojumprogrammu kvalit\u0101ti un samazin\u0101t pieaugo\u0161o tehnisko par\u0101du pl\u016bsmu, kas apgr\u016btina programmat\u016bras nozari.<\/p>\n

2. Se\u0161st\u016brainas arhitekt\u016bras defin\u012bcija<\/h2>\n

T\u0101s b\u016bt\u012bba, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>vai ostas un Adapteru arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, ir projekt\u0113\u0161anas modelis, kas balst\u0101s uz ba\u017eu nodal\u012b\u0161anu. Tas sadala lietojumprogrammu div\u0101s galvenaj\u0101s da\u013c\u0101s: iek\u0161pus\u0113 un \u0101rpus\u0113.<\/p>\n

Iek\u0161pus\u0113, ko d\u0113v\u0113 ar\u012b par lietojumprogrammas kodolu, atrodas biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> un dom\u0113na objekti - j\u016bsu programmat\u016bras v\u0113rt\u012bbas kodols. \u0160\u012b iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 sv\u0113tvieta paliek no\u0161\u0137irta no \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s ietekmes, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di saglab\u0101jot programmat\u016bras integrit\u0101ti. biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> un dom\u0113na modeli.<\/p>\n

No otras puses, \u0101rpuse ir \u0101r\u0113jo sist\u0113mu sf\u0113ra - no lietot\u0101ja saskarne<\/strong> piek\u013cuvei datub\u0101zei - kas mijiedarbojas ar lietojumprogrammas kodolu. \u0160\u012bs mijiedarb\u012bbas tiek p\u0101rvald\u012btas, izmantojot portu un adapteru meh\u0101nismu, kas nodro\u0161ina skaidru no\u0161\u0137irt\u012bbu starp kodolu un kodolu. lietojumprogrammas kodols<\/strong> un t\u0101s \u0101r\u0113jiem dal\u012bbniekiem.<\/p>\n

3. Se\u0161st\u016brain\u0101s arhitekt\u016bras v\u0113sture<\/h2>\n

Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> ir Alistera Kokburna (Alistair Cockburn), vizion\u0101ra, kur\u0161 pirmo reizi formul\u0113ja \u0161o koncepciju k\u0101 atbildi uz tradicion\u0101lo tehnolo\u0123iju ierobe\u017eojumiem. daudzsl\u0101\u0146aina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>. T\u0101 tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ta, lai rad\u012btu tehnolo\u0123iski nekait\u012bgu dom\u0113na sl\u0101nis<\/strong> kas izol\u0113 kodolu biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> no \u0101r\u0113j\u0101m ietekm\u0113m, piem. lietot\u0101ja saskarne kods<\/a><\/strong> un piek\u013cuve datub\u0101zei.<\/p>\n

Tradicion\u0101laj\u0101 daudzsl\u0101\u0146aina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, izmai\u0146as vien\u0101 sl\u0101n\u012b var ietekm\u0113t ar\u012b citus sl\u0101\u0146us, izraisot neparedz\u0113tas sekas. Turkl\u0101t test\u0113\u0161anu sare\u017e\u0123\u012bja sare\u017e\u0123\u012btas atkar\u012bbas starp sl\u0101\u0146iem.<\/p>\n

Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> rad\u0101s risin\u0101jums, kas pied\u0101v\u0101ja modeli, kur\u0101 izmai\u0146as vien\u0101 sist\u0113mas da\u013c\u0101 neizjauktu p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s sist\u0113mas da\u013cas. B\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 t\u0101 m\u0113r\u0137is bija pan\u0101kt, lai biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai piek\u013cuve tam tika nodro\u0161in\u0101ta, izmantojot t\u012bmek\u013ca vietne<\/a> interfeiss, un REST API<\/a><\/strong>vai pat komandrinde<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

4. Se\u0161st\u016brain\u0101s arhitekt\u016bras komponenti<\/h2>\n

Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, kas nosaukts par se\u0161st\u016braino il\u016bziju diagramm\u0101tiskos att\u0113los, sast\u0101v no trim galvenaj\u0101m sast\u0101vda\u013c\u0101m:. dom\u0113na modelis<\/strong>, porti (prim\u0101rie un sekund\u0101rie) un adapteri (prim\u0101rie un sekund\u0101rie).<\/p>\n

Port\u0101ls dom\u0113na modelis<\/strong> ir programmat\u016bras lietojumprogrammas kodols, kas ietver sev\u012b uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas noteikumi<\/strong> un galveno lo\u0123iku. \u0160aj\u0101 model\u012b eso\u0161ie dom\u0113na objekti satur \u012bpa\u0161as biznesa v\u0113rt\u012bbas un noteikumus.<\/p>\n

T\u0101l\u0101k mums ir porti, vadi starp dom\u0113na modelis<\/strong> un \u0101rpasauli. Prim\u0101r\u0101s ostas<\/strong> atkl\u0101j lietojumprogrammas biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong>, kas kalpo k\u0101 v\u0101rti uz lietojumprogrammas kodolu. Tie atspogu\u013co lietojuma gad\u012bjumus, ko atbalsta lietojumprogramma.<\/p>\n

Sekund\u0101r\u0101s ostas<\/strong>savuk\u0101rt ir v\u0113rsti uz \u0101ru. T\u0101s att\u0113lo saskarnes, kas lietojumprogrammai nepiecie\u0161amas no \u0101rpasaules, piem\u0113ram, notur\u012bbas sl\u0101\u0146i vai \u0101r\u0113jie pakalpojumi.<\/p>\n

Visbeidzot, mums ir adapteri, kas darbojas k\u0101 tulkot\u0101ji starp dom\u0113na modelis<\/strong> un \u0101r\u0113jo pasauli. Tie p\u0101rveido dati<\/a> no form\u0101ta, ko izmanto \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s sist\u0113mas<\/strong> form\u0101t\u0101, ko izmanto biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong>un otr\u0101di.<\/p>\n

5. Savienojumi un adapteri<\/h2>\n

Savienojumi un adapteri<\/strong> veido tiltu starp lietojumprogrammas kodols<\/strong> un \u0101r\u0113jiem dal\u012bbniekiem. Prim\u0101rie porti atspogu\u013co lietojumprogrammas atkl\u0101tos biznesa lietojuma gad\u012bjumus, kas \u013cauj \u0101r\u0113jiem dal\u012bbniekiem mijiedarboties ar lietojumprogrammu. Dom\u0101jiet par tiem k\u0101 par pakalpojumu saskarn\u0113m sav\u0101 biznesa sl\u0101nis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Savuk\u0101rt sekund\u0101rie porti ir saskarnes, kas j\u016bsu lietojumprogrammai nepiecie\u0161amas no \u0101rpasaules. Tie var b\u016bt t\u0101di pakalpojumi k\u0101 piek\u013cuve datub\u0101zei, t\u012bmek\u013ca pakalpojumi<\/a>vai pat laika pakalpojumi. Tie atkl\u0101j to, kas nepiecie\u0161ams lietojumprogrammai, neatkar\u012bgi no jebk\u0101d\u0101m tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m vai pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ja \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Adapteri ir \u0161o piesl\u0113gvietu fiziska izpausme. Tie p\u0101rveido datus no form\u0101ta, ko izmanto portat\u012bvie savienojumi. biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> form\u0101t\u0101, ko izmanto \u0101r\u0113jie dal\u012bbnieki, un otr\u0101di. \u0160ie adapteri var b\u016bt tehnolo\u0123iski specifiski REST API, SQL datub\u0101zu vai zi\u0146ojumapmai\u0146as sist\u0113mu adapteru konvert\u0113t\u0101ji, bet tie var b\u016bt ar\u012b s\u0113rijveida skripti vai lietot\u0101ja saskarne<\/strong> kods. Adapteri veido lietojumprogrammas robe\u017eu, \u013caujot lietojumprogrammai b\u016bt tehnolo\u0123iski neatkar\u012bgai.<\/p>\n

6. Prim\u0101rie un sekund\u0101rie porti un adapteri<\/h2>\n

Prim\u0101rie porti apz\u012bm\u0113 oper\u0101cijas, ko var veikt m\u016bsu lietojumprogramma, - komandas, kuras var pie\u0146emt m\u016bsu pamatdom\u0113ns. T\u0101s bie\u017ei tiek \u012bstenotas k\u0101 saskarnes t\u0101d\u0101s valod\u0101s k\u0101 Java<\/a>, nosakot, k\u0101das darb\u012bbas pied\u0101v\u0101 lietojumprogramma.Prim\u0101rie adapteri<\/strong>t\u0101tad ir \u0161o saskar\u0146u implement\u0101cijas konkr\u0113tiem \u0101r\u0113jiem dal\u012bbniekiem.<\/p>\n

No otras puses, sekund\u0101r\u0101s piesl\u0113gvietas ir saskarnes, ko pamatdom\u0113ns izmanto mijiedarb\u012bbai ar \u0101rpasauli. T\u0101s var ietvert saskarnes dom\u0113na objektu saglab\u0101\u0161anai vai pazi\u0146ojumu nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai. Sekund\u0101rie adapteri<\/strong> ir \u0161o interfeisu faktisk\u0101s implement\u0101cijas. SQL datub\u0101ze<\/strong> adapteri vai, piem\u0113ram, e-pasta pazi\u0146ojumu adapteri.<\/p>\n

Kop\u0101 prim\u0101r\u0101s un sekund\u0101r\u0101s porti un adapteri<\/strong> veido elast\u012bgu, modul\u0101ru robe\u017eu ap lietojumprogrammu, atdalot dom\u0113na lo\u0123ika<\/strong> no tehniskiem apsv\u0113rumiem. Tie nodro\u0161ina atbild\u012bbas jomu nodal\u012b\u0161anu un \u013cauj da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m sist\u0113mas da\u013c\u0101m att\u012bst\u012bties neatkar\u012bgi.<\/p>\n

7. Atkar\u012bbas noteikums un atkar\u012bbas inversija<\/h2>\n

Atkar\u012bbas noteikums ir pamatprincips Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> kas nosaka, ka atkar\u012bb\u0101m j\u0101b\u016bt v\u0113rst\u0101m uz lietojumprogrammas kodolu. Lietojumprogrammas kodols nav atkar\u012bgs no k\u0101das konkr\u0113tas datub\u0101zes, lietot\u0101ja saskarnes vai k\u0101das citas \u0101r\u0113jas strukt\u016bras.<\/p>\n

\u0160is princips ir cie\u0161i saist\u012bts ar Atkar\u012bbas inversijas princips<\/strong> (DIP), kas ir viens no SOLID objektorient\u0113ta dizaina principiem. DIP nosaka, ka augsta l\u012bme\u0146a modu\u013ci (biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> vai dom\u0113na sl\u0101nis<\/strong> nevajadz\u0113tu b\u016bt atkar\u012bgiem no zema l\u012bme\u0146a modu\u013ciem (piem\u0113ram, datu b\u0101zes adaptera). T\u0101 viet\u0101 abiem j\u0101b\u016bt atkar\u012bgiem no abstrakcij\u0101m. \u0160\u0101da atkar\u012bbu inversija \u013cauj izol\u0113t augsta l\u012bme\u0146a modu\u013cus no izmai\u0146\u0101m zema l\u012bme\u0146a modu\u013cos, veicinot t\u0101du konstrukciju, kur\u0101 zema l\u012bme\u0146a modu\u013ci ir izol\u0113ti no izmai\u0146\u0101m zema l\u012bme\u0146a modu\u013cos. biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> virza kop\u0113jo arhitekt\u016bru.<\/p>\n

8. Kart\u0113\u0161ana<\/h2>\n

Kart\u0113\u0161ana ir b\u016btisks process Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, kur\u0101 ar tehnolo\u0123ijai specifisku adapteri dati tiek konvert\u0113ti no form\u0101ta, ko izmanto \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s sist\u0113mas<\/strong> form\u0101t\u0101, kas m\u016bsu dom\u0113na sl\u0101nis<\/strong> var saprast. \u0160\u012b kart\u0113\u0161ana atvieglo tulko\u0161anu starp lietojumprogrammas iek\u0161\u0113jo un \u0101r\u0113jo datu att\u0113lojumu.<\/p>\n

Piem\u0113ram, ja HTTP piepras\u012bjums m\u016bsu lietojumprogramm\u0101 tiek sa\u0146emts no \u0101r\u0113ja interfeisa, piem\u0113ram. REST API<\/strong>, piepras\u012bjuma dati no JSON j\u0101p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161 dom\u0113na objektos, kurus lietojumprogramma var izmantot. Par \u0161o tulko\u0161anu ir atbild\u012bgi adapteri.<\/p>\n

Un otr\u0101di, kad lietojumprogrammai ir j\u0101nos\u016bta atbilde, adapteri p\u0101rveido dom\u0113na objektus atpaka\u013c JSON form\u0101t\u0101. Tas \u013cauj galvenajai lietojumprogrammai saglab\u0101t nezi\u0146u par \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s pasaules \u012bpatn\u012bb\u0101m, vienlaikus nodro\u0161inot, ka t\u0101 var pareizi interpret\u0113t ien\u0101ko\u0161os datus un format\u0113t izejo\u0161os datus. <\/p>\n

9. Se\u0161st\u016brain\u0101s arhitekt\u016bras priek\u0161roc\u012bbas<\/h2>\n

Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> pied\u0101v\u0101 daudz priek\u0161roc\u012bbu, ko liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 var izskaidrot ar programmat\u016bras lietojumprogrammu atdal\u012b\u0161anu no to \u0101r\u0113jiem elementiem un skaidru robe\u017eu starp da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m sist\u0113mas da\u013c\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Viena no galvenaj\u0101m priek\u0161roc\u012bb\u0101m ir r\u016bpju nodal\u012b\u0161ana, kas veicina koda uzturam\u012bbu un las\u0101m\u012bbu. Atdal\u012b\u0161ana no kodola biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> no \u0101rpasaule<\/strong> \u013cauj veikt izmai\u0146as tehnolo\u0123iski specifiskos adapteros, datu b\u0101z\u0113s un lietot\u0101ja saskarnes<\/strong> nemainot kodolu biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> ir izcils ar\u012b p\u0101rbaud\u0101m\u012bbas jom\u0101. Arhitekt\u016bras \u0101r\u0113jo atkar\u012bbu izol\u0101cija \u013cauj izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem palaist automatiz\u0113tus regresijas testus un rakst\u012bt automatiz\u0113ti testu komplekti<\/strong> viegl\u0101k. \u0160\u012b izol\u0101cija uzlabo lietojumprogrammas elast\u012bbu, jo izmai\u0146as vien\u0101 komponent\u0113 negat\u012bvi neietekm\u0113 p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t \u0161\u012b arhitekt\u016bra atbalsta vair\u0101kus adapterus vienam un tam pa\u0161am portam, kas \u013cauj izmantot vair\u0101kus adapterus vienam sekund\u0101rajam portam. \u0160\u012b elast\u012bba \u013cauj lietojumprogrammai mijiedarboties ar da\u017e\u0101da veida datub\u0101z\u0113m vai atbalst\u012bt da\u017e\u0101das datu b\u0101zes. lietot\u0101ja saskarne<\/strong> platformas.<\/p>\n

10. Uztur\u0113\u0161ana<\/h2>\n

Programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101des jom\u0101 uzturam\u012bba bie\u017ei vien ir piepras\u012bta \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba, tom\u0113r tradicion\u0101lie arhitekt\u016bras stili to var gr\u016bti nodro\u0161in\u0101t. Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> izce\u013cas ar to, ka taj\u0101 ir \u012bpa\u0161i uzsv\u0113rta uztur\u0113jam\u012bba.<\/p>\n

Koncentr\u0113joties uz ba\u017eu no\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anu, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> nodro\u0161ina, ka izmai\u0146as, kas veiktas vien\u0101 lietojumprogrammas da\u013c\u0101, netiek p\u0101rnestas uz cit\u0101m da\u013c\u0101m. \u0160\u012b \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba pal\u012bdz samazin\u0101t laika un p\u016b\u013cu pat\u0113ri\u0146u, lai izprastu un atk\u013c\u016bdotu kodu.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t \u0161\u012b arhitekt\u016bra veicina atk\u0101rtotu koda izmanto\u0161anu, veicinot t\u0101du konstrukciju, kur\u0101 kodols biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> ir izol\u0113ta no konkr\u0113taj\u0101m tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m, kas tiek izmantotas lietojumprogrammas darbin\u0101\u0161anai. \u0160\u012b atsaist\u012b\u0161ana \u013cauj izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem main\u012bt, uzlabot vai p\u0101rveidot lietojumprogrammas. \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s saskarnes<\/strong> neietekm\u0113jot galveno lo\u0123iku, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di samazinot k\u013c\u016bdu ievie\u0161anas risku.<\/p>\n

11. Tehnisk\u0101 par\u0101da samazin\u0101\u0161ana<\/h2>\n

Tehniskais par\u0101ds, kas programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101d\u0113 ir b\u016btiska probl\u0113ma, attiecas uz n\u0101kotnes izmaks\u0101m, kas saist\u012btas ar koda p\u0101rveido\u0161anu un sa\u012bsin\u0101jumu un k\u013c\u016bdu labo\u0161anu. Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> pied\u0101v\u0101 proakt\u012bvu pieeju \u0161\u0101du par\u0101du mazin\u0101\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

Veicinot skaidru no\u0161\u0137\u012brumu starp pamatdarb\u012bbas biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> un \u0101r\u0113jie komponenti<\/strong>, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> samazina savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012bt\u0101 koda iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu, kas var rad\u012bt uztur\u0113\u0161anas galvass\u0101pes un sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt tehnisko par\u0101du. Arhitekt\u016brai rakstur\u012bg\u0101 uztur\u0113jam\u012bba un test\u0113jam\u012bba ar\u012b pal\u012bdz samazin\u0101t tehnisko par\u0101du, jo t\u0101s pal\u012bdz nov\u0113rst k\u013c\u016bdu ievie\u0161anu un atvieglo refaktoriz\u0101cijas centienus.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t sp\u0113ja Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> lai atbalst\u012btu izmai\u0146as infrastrukt\u016br\u0101, neveicot izmai\u0146as programmat\u016br\u0101. biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> nodro\u0161ina aizsardz\u012bbas buferi pret tehniskajiem par\u0101diem. \u0160\u012b sp\u0113ja \u013cauj komand\u0101m piel\u0101goties pras\u012bbu vai tehnolo\u0123iju izmai\u0146\u0101m bez nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbas p\u0101rrakst\u012bt lielu da\u013cu lietojumprogrammas.<\/p>\n

12. Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra praks\u0113<\/h2>\n

Praks\u0113, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> nodro\u0161ina struktur\u0113tu pieeju programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101d\u0113. Se\u0161st\u016brveida robe\u017ea ap lietojumprogrammas kodolu skaidri norobe\u017eo, kur beidzas lietojumprogramma un kur beidzas lietojumprogramma. \u0101rpasaule<\/strong> s\u0101kas.<\/p>\n

Adapteri darbojas k\u0101 v\u0101rtsargi, tulkojot \u0101r\u0113jo dal\u012bbnieku piepras\u012bjumus galvenajai lietojumprogrammai saprotam\u0101 form\u0101, un otr\u0101di. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tie nodro\u0161ina to, ka lietojumprogrammas kodols paliek neatkar\u012bgs no \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s pasaules specifikas, neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai t\u0101 ir datub\u0101ze, datub\u0101ze vai datub\u0101ze. \u0101r\u0113jais API<\/strong>vai lietot\u0101ja saskarne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

13. Uz dom\u0113nu orient\u0113ts dizains (DDD)<\/h2>\n

Uz dom\u0113nu orient\u0113ta projekt\u0113\u0161ana (Domain-Driven Design, DDD) ir programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101des metodolo\u0123ija, kas par priorit\u0101ti izvirza uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas pamatj\u0113dzienus jeb... dom\u0113na lo\u0123ika<\/strong>, kas ir galvenais dizaina virz\u012bt\u0101jsp\u0113ks. \u0160\u012b metodolo\u0123ija \u013coti labi saskan ar Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, kur\u0101 uzsv\u0113rta ar\u012b biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> un dom\u0113na modelis<\/strong> arhitekt\u016br\u0101.<\/p>\n

Saist\u012bb\u0101 ar Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, DDD nodro\u0161ina, ka lietojumprogrammas augsta l\u012bme\u0146a modu\u013ci - dom\u0113na sl\u0101\u0146i - ir neatkar\u012bgi no \u0101r\u0113jiem elementiem, piem. lietot\u0101ja saskarne<\/strong> vai datu b\u0101zi. \u0160o neatkar\u012bbu nodro\u0161ina porti un adapteri, kas pasarg\u0101 dom\u0113na sl\u0101ni no datu b\u0101zes specifikas. \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s sist\u0113mas<\/strong>, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u013caujot dom\u0113na lo\u0123ika<\/strong> att\u012bst\u012bties neatkar\u012bgi.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> papildina DDD strat\u0113\u0123isk\u0101s projekt\u0113\u0161anas principus, tostarp ierobe\u017eotu kontekstu koncepciju. Katru norobe\u017eoto kontekstu DDD var izt\u0113loties k\u0101 se\u0161st\u016bri Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, kura pamat\u0101 ir dom\u0113na modelis un porti un adapteri<\/strong> darbojas k\u0101 robe\u017eas.<\/p>\n

14. Mikroservisi<\/h2>\n

Microservices, v\u0113l viens m\u016bsdienu arhitekt\u016bras stils, var g\u016bt lielu labumu no Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>. Mikropakalpojumu decentraliz\u0113t\u0101 daba - kur katrs pakalpojums iekapsul\u0113 konkr\u0113tu uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas sp\u0113ju - labi saskan ar mikropakalpojumu iekapsul\u0113\u0161anu. biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> se\u0161st\u016bra kodol\u0101.<\/p>\n

T\u0101pat k\u0101 katrs mikroserviss<\/a> j\u0101b\u016bt br\u012bvi sasaist\u012btiem ar citiem, katrs se\u0161st\u016bris, kas Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> ir ar\u012b izol\u0113ts no p\u0101r\u0113jiem, sazinoties tikai caur noteiktaj\u0101m piesl\u0113gviet\u0101m un adapteriem. Tas \u013cauj katram mikropakalpojumam b\u016bt savam. se\u0161st\u016bra formas arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 tiek izveidots autonomo, br\u012bvi saist\u012bto pakalpojumu kopums.<\/p>\n

Izol\u0101cija, ko nodro\u0161ina Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> var b\u016bt \u012bpa\u0161i noder\u012bga, ja runa ir par mikropakalpojumu sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbu un sadal\u012bto raksturu. Izol\u0113jot pamatdarb\u012bbas lo\u0123ika<\/strong> no \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s pasaules, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> nodro\u0161ina, ka biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong> saglab\u0101jas nemain\u012bga, neatkar\u012bgi no izmai\u0146\u0101m citos pakalpojumos vai \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s sist\u0113mas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

15. Se\u0161st\u016brain\u0101s arhitekt\u016bras sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums ar cit\u0101m arhitekt\u016br\u0101m<\/h2>\n

Tas, k\u0101 programmat\u016bra tiek izstr\u0101d\u0101ta, var b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113t t\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bbu laika gait\u0101. Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> uz cit\u0101m arhitekt\u016br\u0101m sniedz mums<\/a> padzi\u013cin\u0101tu izpratni par t\u0101s stipraj\u0101m pus\u0113m un iesp\u0113jamiem kompromisiem.<\/p>\n

16. Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra pret daudzsl\u0101\u0146ainu arhitekt\u016bru<\/h2>\n

Sl\u0101\u0146u arhitekt\u016bra <\/strong>ir tradicion\u0101ls arhitekt\u016bras modelis<\/strong> kas struktur\u0113 lietojumprogrammu lo\u0123iskajos sl\u0101\u0146os - bie\u017ei vien prezent\u0101cijas, biznesa un datu piek\u013cuves sl\u0101\u0146os. Galvenais \u0161\u012b mode\u013ca tr\u016bkums ir tas, ka tas veicina sp\u0113c\u012bgu atkar\u012bbu starp sl\u0101\u0146iem, kas noved pie situ\u0101cijas, kad izmai\u0146as vien\u0101 sl\u0101n\u012b var ietekm\u0113t visu lietojumprogrammu.<\/p>\n

Turpret\u012b, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> samazina \u0161\u0101das atkar\u012bbas. Sl\u0101\u0146u viet\u0101 taj\u0101 ir lietojumprogrammas kodols<\/strong> apv\u012bti ar main\u0101miem adapteriem. Izmai\u0146as, piem\u0113ram, datub\u0101zes server\u012b ietekm\u0113tu tikai attiec\u012bgo adapteri, atst\u0101jot datub\u0101zes serveri. lietojumprogrammas kodols<\/strong> un citi adapteri nav skarti.<\/p>\n

17. Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra vs. t\u012bra arhitekt\u016bra<\/h2>\n

T\u012bra arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, v\u0113l viens arhitekt\u016bras modelis<\/strong>, ir daudzas l\u012bdz\u012bbas ar Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>. Abas uzsver r\u016bpju no\u0161\u0137irt\u012bbu, cen\u0161as izol\u0113t b\u016btisk\u0101k\u0101s uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas noteikumi<\/strong> no \u0101r\u0113j\u0101m deta\u013c\u0101m un iev\u0113rot Atkar\u012bbas inversijas princips<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r, Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> vair\u0101k piev\u0113r\u0161as tam, k\u0101 lietojumprogramma mijiedarbojas ar \u0101rpus<\/strong> pasaul\u0113, izmantojot porti un adapteri, bet T\u012bra arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> sniedz detaliz\u0113t\u0101ku arhitekt\u016bras iek\u0161\u0113jo sl\u0101\u0146u strukt\u016bru. Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, T\u012bra arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> var uzskat\u012bt par Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>ar papildu nor\u0101d\u012bjumiem par lietojumprogrammas iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s strukt\u016bras organiz\u0113\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

18. Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra pret s\u012bpolu arhitekt\u016bru<\/h2>\n

S\u012bpolu arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> ir v\u0113l viens arhitekt\u016bras stils, kura m\u0113r\u0137is ir izol\u0113t pamatdarb\u012bbas lo\u0123ika<\/strong> no \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s saskarnes<\/strong> un infrastrukt\u016bru. Tam ir vair\u0101ki koncentriski sl\u0101\u0146i ar dom\u0113na modeli centr\u0101, un katrs sl\u0101nis var b\u016bt atkar\u012bgs tikai no iek\u0161\u0113jiem sl\u0101\u0146iem.<\/p>\n

Lai gan t\u0101m ir kop\u012bgs m\u0113r\u0137is, Hexagonal un S\u012bpolu arhitekt\u016bra <\/strong>to pan\u0101kt nedaudz at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgos veidos. S\u012bpolu arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> piev\u0113r\u0161 lielu uzman\u012bbu atkar\u012bbu virzienam, nodro\u0161inot, ka visas atkar\u012bbas ir v\u0113rstas uz iek\u0161u. Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, lai gan ar\u012b atbalsta iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s atkar\u012bbas, liel\u0101ku uzsvaru liek uz mijiedarb\u012bbu ar \u0101r\u0113jo vidi. \u0101rpasaule <\/strong>caur t\u0101s piesl\u0113gviet\u0101m un adapteriem.<\/p>\n

19. Test\u0113\u0161ana se\u0161st\u016brainaj\u0101 arhitekt\u016br\u0101<\/h2>\n

Galven\u0101 priek\u0161roc\u012bba Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> ir t\u0101 koncentr\u0113\u0161an\u0101s uz p\u0101rbaud\u0101m\u012bbu. Izol\u0113jot lietojumprogrammas kodolu no \u0101rpasaule<\/strong> izmantojot porti un adapteri, Hexagonal Architecture \u013cauj izpild\u012bt automatiz\u0113ti testi<\/strong> kas var sniegt p\u0101rliec\u012bbu par programmat\u016bras stabilit\u0101ti un pareiz\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

In a Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, un prim\u0101r\u0101s ostas<\/strong>, kas ietver kodolu uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas noteikumi<\/strong>, var p\u0101rbaud\u012bt neatkar\u012bgi no \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s pasaules. Piem\u0113ram, t\u0101 viet\u0101, lai test\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101 sazin\u0101tos ar re\u0101lu datu b\u0101zi, var izmantot datub\u0101zes adapteris<\/strong> var nomain\u012bt pret testa dubultojumu, kas imit\u0113 re\u0101las datub\u0101zes darb\u012bbu. Tas \u013cauj izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem koncentr\u0113ties uz test\u0113\u0161anu uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas noteikumi<\/strong>nevis datub\u0101zes mijiedarb\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t, automatiz\u0113ti regresijas testi<\/strong> var viegli izveidot, lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu, vai sist\u0113ma darbojas, k\u0101 paredz\u0113ts, kad tiek veiktas izmai\u0146as. \u0160\u0101ds test\u0113\u0161anas l\u012bmenis ir b\u016btiska priek\u0161roc\u012bba, kad runa ir par programmat\u016bras uztur\u0113\u0161anu un atjaunin\u0101\u0161anu, jo tas pal\u012bdz atkl\u0101t un nov\u0113rst probl\u0113mas agr\u012bn\u0101 posm\u0101. izstr\u0101des process<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t strukt\u016bra Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> atbalsta ar\u012b integr\u0101cijas test\u0113\u0161anu. Aizst\u0101jot \u0101r\u0113jie komponenti<\/strong> (piem\u0113ram, datub\u0101zes serveri vai \u0101r\u0113jais API<\/strong>) ar testu dubultniekiem, izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji var p\u0101rbaud\u012bt, k\u0101 lietojumprogrammas kodols<\/strong> integr\u0113jas ar \u0161iem komponentiem, neizmantojot \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s sist\u0113mas. Tas var iev\u0113rojami uzlabot testu \u0101trumu un uzticam\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Secin\u0101jums<\/h2>\n

Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101des strat\u0113\u0123iju pla\u0161\u0101 kl\u0101st\u0101 ir vilino\u0161s risin\u0101jums. Tas izce\u013cas ar to, ka no\u0161\u0137ir lietojumprogrammas kodols<\/strong> no \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s vides, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nodro\u0161inot augstu uztur\u0113jam\u012bbas, test\u0113jam\u012bbas un elast\u012bbas pak\u0101pi. \u0160\u0101da no\u0161\u0137ir\u0161ana atvieglo izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem koncentr\u0113ties uz galveno. biznesa lo\u0123ika<\/strong>, vienlaikus palielinot programmat\u016bras notur\u012bbu pret izmai\u0146\u0101m \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s sist\u0113mas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Lai gan ar se\u0161st\u016bra arhitekt\u016bru ir saist\u012bti kompromisi, t\u0101s daudz\u0101s priek\u0161roc\u012bbas padara to par \u013coti v\u0113rt\u012bgu l\u012bdzekli ikviena izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ja r\u012bku kl\u0101st\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101 jom\u0101 programmat\u016bras arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, se\u0161st\u016bra modelis turpina nostiprin\u0101t savu domin\u0113jo\u0161o poz\u012bciju.<\/p>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101, kas papildin\u0101ts ar koda piem\u0113ri<\/strong>, m\u0113r\u0137is ir sniegt padzi\u013cin\u0101tu izpratni par Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong> un t\u0101s iesp\u0113jamie ieguvumi. Paturiet pr\u0101t\u0101, ka efekt\u012bvas arhitekt\u016bras nosl\u0113pums nav akl\u0101 mode\u013cu iev\u0113ro\u0161ana, bet gan pamatprincipu izpratne un p\u0101rdom\u0101ta to ievie\u0161ana, lai izpild\u012btu konkr\u0113tas pras\u012bbas.<\/p>\n

Hexagonal arhitekt\u016bras jom\u0101 saskarne, kas defin\u0113ta starp lietojumprogrammu sl\u0101nis<\/strong> un datu sl\u0101nis<\/strong> ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi svar\u012bgi. Neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai esat programmat\u016bras arhitekts<\/a> apsver iesp\u0113ju pie\u0146emt \u0161o metodolo\u0123iju vai izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101js<\/a> cen\u0161oties izprast t\u0101s sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbu, ir skaidrs, ka \u0161\u012bs arhitekt\u016bras ietekme turpina pieaugt. T\u0101 demonstr\u0113 da\u017e\u0101dus veidus, k\u0101 to var efekt\u012bvi izmantot. Piem\u0113ram. banku pakalpojumi<\/a> pieteikums<\/strong>, un repozitorija saskarne<\/strong> var darboties k\u0101 sekund\u0101rais adapteris, kas savieno lietojumprogrammas kodols<\/strong> ar \u0101r\u0113jais kods<\/strong>. \u0160\u0101da nodal\u012b\u0161ana \u013cauj elast\u012bgi main\u012bt konkr\u0113ta \u012bsteno\u0161ana<\/strong> no failu sist\u0113ma<\/strong> vai konkr\u0113tu tehnolo\u0123iju, neietekm\u0113jot lietojumprogrammu pakalpojumus.<\/p>\n

Port\u0101ls att\u012bst\u012bba komanda<\/a><\/strong> tagad var str\u0101d\u0101t ar kreis\u0101 puse<\/strong> lietojumprogrammu, neuztraucoties par \u0101r\u0113jie faktori<\/strong>, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nodro\u0161inot vienm\u0113r\u012bgu progresu. Un t\u0101 m\u0113s nosl\u0113dzam m\u016bsu pasaules izp\u0113ti par Se\u0161st\u016braina arhitekt\u016bra<\/strong>, arhitekt\u016bras stils, kas turpina papla\u0161in\u0101t savu ietekmi programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101des jom\u0101.
\n\"sadarb\u012bbas<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Izp\u0113tiet Hexagonal Architecture iesp\u0113jas uzlabot programmat\u016bras uzturam\u012bbu, test\u0113jam\u012bbu un piel\u0101gojam\u012bbu.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software-development"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Power of Hexagonal Architecture - The Codest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the power of Hexagonal Architecture in software development, enhancing maintainability, testability, and flexibility. Learn how this architectural style, also known as Ports and Adapters, separates core business logic from external systems, supporting Domain-Driven Design, microservices, and reducing technical debt.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/lv\/emuars\/sesstura-formas-arhitekturas-speks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lv_LV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Power of Hexagonal Architecture\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explore the power of Hexagonal Architecture in software development, enhancing maintainability, testability, and flexibility. 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