{"id":3804,"date":"2022-02-17T10:11:03","date_gmt":"2022-02-17T10:11:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/the-codest.localhost\/blog\/ways-to-increase-your-rails-performance\/"},"modified":"2024-07-04T21:01:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-04T21:01:27","slug":"zpusoby-jak-zvysit-vykonnost-kolejnic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/blog\/ways-to-increase-your-rails-performance\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon syst\u00e9mu Rails"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ruby First<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ruby<\/a><\/strong> je v\u00fdrazn\u011b objektov\u011b orientovan\u00fd jazyk. Ve skute\u010dnosti je v n\u011bm (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159) v\u0161echno Ruby<\/strong> je objekt. Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nepot\u0159ebn\u00fdch objekt\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 program st\u00e1t spoustu dodate\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159eby pam\u011bti, proto je t\u0159eba se mu vyhnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rozd\u00edlu pou\u017eijeme memory_profiler<\/a><\/em> gem a integrovan\u00fd modul Benchmark pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed metod bang! na \u0159et\u011bzce<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
require \"memory_profiler\"\n\nreport = MemoryProfiler.report do\ndata<\/a> = \"X\" * 1024 * 1024 * 100\ndata = data.downcase\nkonec\n\nreport.pretty_print<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9m v\u00fdpisu jsme vytvo\u0159ili 100MB \u0159et\u011bzec a zmen\u0161ili ka\u017ed\u00fd znak v n\u011bm obsa\u017een\u00fd. N\u00e1\u0161 benchmark d\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdsledky n\u00e1s<\/a> n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Celkem p\u0159id\u011bleno: 210765044 bajt\u016f (6 objekt\u016f)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nahrad\u00edme-li v\u0161ak \u0159\u00e1dek 6 t\u00edmto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
data.downcase!<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
 <\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010cten\u00ed soubor\u016f \u0159\u00e1dek po \u0159\u00e1dku<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u00dadajn\u011b pot\u0159ebujeme na\u010d\u00edst obrovskou kolekci dat o 2 milionech z\u00e1znam\u016f ze souboru csv. Typicky by to vypadalo takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vy\u017eadovat 'benchmark'\n\nBenchmark.bm do |x|\nx.report do\nFile.readlines(\"2mrecords.csv\").map! {|line| line.split(\",\")}\nkonec\nkonec<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
u\u017eivatel syst\u00e9m celkem re\u00e1ln\u00fd\n\n12.797000 2.437000 15.234000 (106.319865)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00dapln\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed souboru trvalo v\u00edce ne\u017e 106 sekund. To je docela dost! Tento proces v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eeme urychlit nahrazen\u00edm souboru mapa!<\/em> s jednoduchou metodou zat\u00edmco<\/em> smy\u010dka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vy\u017eadovat 'benchmark'\n\nBenchmark.bm do |x|\nx.report do\nfile = File.open(\"2mrecords.csv\", \"r\")\nwhile line = file.gets\nline.split(\",\")\nend\nend\nend<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
u\u017eivatel syst\u00e9m celkem re\u00e1ln\u00fd\n\n6.078000 0.250000 6.328000 ( 6.649422)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Doba b\u011bhu se nyn\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila, proto\u017ee mapa!<\/em> metoda pat\u0159\u00ed do ur\u010dit\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy, jako nap\u0159. Hash#map<\/em> nebo Array#map<\/em>, kde Ruby<\/strong> ulo\u017e\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek analyzovan\u00e9ho souboru do pam\u011bti, dokud je prov\u00e1d\u011bn. Sb\u011bra\u010d odpadk\u016f v jazyce Ruby <\/strong>neuvoln\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e budou tyto iter\u00e1tory zcela provedeny. \u010cten\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek po \u0159\u00e1dku v\u0161ak zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee GC p\u0159em\u00edst\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f, pokud to nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vyhnout se iter\u00e1tor\u016fm metod ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch kolekc\u00edch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Tento bod je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159edchoz\u00edho bodu o b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad. Jak jsem se ji\u017e zm\u00ednil, Ruby<\/a> iter\u00e1tory jsou objektov\u00e9 metody a neuvol\u0148uj\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, dokud jsou prov\u00e1d\u011bny. V mal\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku je tento rozd\u00edl bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fd (a metody jako nap\u0159. mapa<\/em> se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u010diteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed). Pokud v\u0161ak jde o v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soubory dat, je v\u017edy dobr\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit, zda je nenahradit z\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi smy\u010dkami. Jako na p\u0159\u00edkladu n\u00ed\u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
numberofelements = 10000000\nrandoms = Array.new(numberofelements) { rand(10) }\n\nrandoms.each do |line|\n#do something\nkonec<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
a po refaktorizaci:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
numberofelements = 10000000\nrandoms = Array.new(numberofelements) { rand(10) }\n\nwhile randoms.count > 0\nline = randoms.shift\n#do something\nend\n\"`<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pou\u017eijte metodu String::<<<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Jedn\u00e1 se o rychl\u00fd, ale mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd tip. Pokud p\u0159ipoj\u00edte jeden \u0159et\u011bzec k druh\u00e9mu pomoc\u00ed oper\u00e1toru += v pozad\u00ed. Ruby <\/strong> vytvo\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed objekt. Tak\u017ee toto:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 a = \"X\"\n b = \"Y\"\n a += b<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ve skute\u010dnosti to znamen\u00e1 toto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 a = \"X\"\n b = \"Y\"\n c = a + b\n a = c<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Oper\u00e1tor by se tomu vyhnul a u\u0161et\u0159il by v\u00e1m pam\u011b\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 a = \"X\"\n b = \"Y\"\n a << b<\/code><\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Promluvme si o syst\u00e9mech Rails<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch R\u00e1mec Rails <\/strong> m\u00e1 spoustu \"gotchas<\/em>\", kter\u00e9 by v\u00e1m umo\u017enily optimalizovat va\u0161e k\u00f3d<\/a> rychle a bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mahy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dychtiv\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed AKA probl\u00e9m n+1 dotaz\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee m\u00e1me dva p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 modely, Post a Author:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
t\u0159\u00edda Author < ApplicationRecord\nhas_many :posts\nend\n\nt\u0159\u00edda Post < ApplicationRecord\nbelongs_to :author\nend<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Chceme na\u010d\u00edst v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky v na\u0161em kontrol\u00e9ru a zobrazit je v zobrazen\u00ed s jejich autory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka\n\ndef index\n@posts = Post.all.limit(20)\nend\n\nzobrazit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V ovlada\u010di, ActiveRecord<\/a> vytvo\u0159\u00ed pouze jeden dotaz pro vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161ich p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f. Pozd\u011bji v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00edch 20 dotaz\u016f, aby podle nich na\u0161el ka\u017ed\u00e9ho autora - co\u017e zabere dal\u0161\u00ed \u010das! Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed Rails p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s rychl\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, jak tyto dotazy spojit do jedin\u00e9ho. Pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu obsahuje<\/em> m\u016f\u017eeme n\u00e1\u0161 kontrol\u00e9r p\u0159epsat t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 def index\n     @posts = Post.all.includes(:author).limit(20)\n end<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Prozat\u00edm se do jednoho dotazu na\u010dtou pouze pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt jin\u00e9 drahokamy, nap\u0159. kulka<\/a> p\u0159izp\u016fsobit cel\u00fd proces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Volejte jen to, co pot\u0159ebujete<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dnou technikou pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti ActiveRecord je vol\u00e1n\u00ed pouze t\u011bch atribut\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely. To je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na tehdy, kdy\u017e se va\u0161e aplikace za\u010dne rozr\u016fstat a zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed se i po\u010det sloupc\u016f v tabulce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vezm\u011bme si jako p\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159edchoz\u00ed k\u00f3d a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee pot\u0159ebujeme vybrat pouze jm\u00e9na autor\u016f. M\u016f\u017eeme tedy p\u0159epsat n\u00e1\u0161 kontrol\u00e9r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 def index\n     @posts = Post.all.includes(:author).select(\"name\").limit(20)\n end<\/code><\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Nyn\u00ed d\u00e1me kontrol\u00e9ru pokyn, aby vynechal v\u0161echny atributy krom\u011b toho, kter\u00fd pot\u0159ebujeme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vykreslov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee chceme vytvo\u0159it samostatnou d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st pro na\u0161e p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/code><\/code><\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Na prvn\u00ed pohled vypad\u00e1 tento k\u00f3d spr\u00e1vn\u011b. P\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f k vykreslen\u00ed v\u0161ak bude cel\u00fd proces v\u00fdrazn\u011b pomalej\u0161\u00ed. Je to zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee Rails <\/strong> znovu vyvol\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz s novou iterac\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eeme to napravit pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu sb\u00edrky<\/em> funkce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/code><\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Nyn\u00ed, Rails<\/strong> automaticky zjist\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u0161ablona m\u00e1 b\u00fdt pou\u017eita, a inicializuje ji pouze jednou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pou\u017eit\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed na pozad\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd je \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nen\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro v\u00e1\u0161 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed tok, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vhodn\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed na pozad\u00ed, nap\u0159. odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed e-mail\u016f, shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed statistik nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pravideln\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sidekiq<\/strong> je nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm drahokamem pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed na pozad\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Redis<\/strong> k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f. Umo\u017e\u0148uje tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddit tok proces\u016f na pozad\u00ed, rozd\u011blit je do samostatn\u00fdch front a \u0159\u00eddit vyu\u017eit\u00ed pam\u011bti pro ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pi\u0161te m\u00e9n\u011b k\u00f3du, pou\u017e\u00edvejte v\u00edce drahokam\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Rails <\/strong> p\u0159i\u0161el s obrovsk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm skvost\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m nejen usnadn\u00ed \u017eivot a urychl\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. proces v\u00fdvoje<\/a>, ale tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it rychlost v\u00fdkonu va\u0161\u00ed aplikace. Klenoty jako Devise nebo Pundit jsou obvykle dob\u0159e otestovan\u00e9, pokud jde o jejich rychlost, a pracuj\u00ed rychleji a bezpe\u010dn\u011bji ne\u017e k\u00f3d napsan\u00fd na zak\u00e1zku pro stejn\u00fd \u00fa\u010del.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jak\u00fdchkoli dotaz\u016f na zlep\u0161en\u00ed V\u00fdkonnost syst\u00e9mu Rails<\/em>, dos\u00e1hnout In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i The Codest<\/a><\/strong> ven, abyste se poradili o sv\u00fdch pochybnostech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Nab\u00eddka<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody v\u00fdvoje softwaru v jazyce Ruby<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kolejnice a dal\u0161\u00ed dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edky<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdvoj Rails pomoc\u00ed TMUX, Vim, Fzf + Ripgrep<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I p\u0159es sv\u00e9 \u010detn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody je Ruby on Rails st\u00e1le pova\u017eov\u00e1n za relativn\u011b pomal\u00fd webov\u00fd framework. V\u0161ichni v\u00edme, \u017ee Twitter opustil Rails ve prosp\u011bch Scaly. S n\u011bkolika chytr\u00fdmi vylep\u0161en\u00edmi v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eete svou aplikaci spustit v\u00fdrazn\u011b rychleji!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software-development"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Increase Rails Performance - The Codest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/blog\/zpusoby-jak-zvysit-vykonnost-kolejnic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Increase Rails Performance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Despite its numerous advantages, Ruby on Rails is still considered to be a relatively slow web framework. 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