{"id":3530,"date":"2020-04-24T08:53:31","date_gmt":"2020-04-24T08:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/the-codest.localhost\/blog\/rails-and-other-means-of-transport\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T11:27:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T11:27:38","slug":"koleje-a-jine-dopravni-prostredky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/blog\/rails-and-other-means-of-transport\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolejnice a dal\u0161\u00ed dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edky"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Obl\u00edben\u00e9 probl\u00e9my Rails a Rails-way<\/h2>\n<h3>Probl\u00e9my zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 v: <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210306055107\/https:\/\/upgrow.shopify.io\/code-smells-in-rails-apps\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u010dl\u00e1nek o Shopify<\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>before-actions, <\/li>\n<li>velk\u00e9 akce v regul\u00e1torech, <\/li>\n<li>soukrom\u00e9 metody v \u0159adi\u010d\u00edch, <\/li>\n<li>mixiny pou\u017eit\u00e9 jednou, <\/li>\n<li>logika v zobrazen\u00edch, <\/li>\n<li>Zp\u011btn\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed ActiveRecord, <\/li>\n<li>Asociace, <\/li>\n<li>\"tlust\u00e9 modely\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed aktivn\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f, <\/li>\n<li>implicitn\u00ed p\u0159ed explicitn\u00ed, <\/li>\n<li>zneu\u017eit\u00ed funkce DRY, <\/li>\n<li>delegace do sdru\u017een\u00ed, <\/li>\n<li>servisn\u00ed vol\u00e1n\u00ed v modelech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Alternativy k syst\u00e9mu Rails<\/h2>\n<p>Pokud jde o <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/blog\/ways-to-increase-your-rails-performance\/\">Rails<\/a><\/strong> v <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/blog\/hire-ror-developer\/\">Ruby<\/a> <\/strong>sv\u011bt\u011b, m\u00e1me n\u011bkolik alternativ. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed frameworky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na Racku pat\u0159\u00ed: - <b>Sinatra<\/b>, - <strong>Roda<\/strong>, -<b> Hanami<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h3>V \u010dem jsou jedine\u010dn\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<p>Sinatra i Roda nab\u00edzej\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/blog\/why-us-companies-are-opting-for-polish-developers\/\">n\u00e1s<\/a> syntaxe blokov\u00e9ho sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed v Sinat\u0159e je seznam a v Rod\u011b strom. V obou frameworc\u00edch se mus\u00edme s implementac\u00ed modelov\u00e9 vrstvy vypo\u0159\u00e1dat sami. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Rody je dobr\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt drahokam Sequel. <\/p>\n<p>Roda se inspiruje Sinatrou. Sama o sob\u011b je velmi lehk\u00e1, ale m\u00e1 spoustu z\u00e1suvn\u00fdch modul\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>Hanami je nejbl\u00ed\u017ee<strong> Rails<\/strong> pokud jde o oblasti, na kter\u00e9 se vztahuje r\u00e1mec. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edly z hlediska pou\u017eit\u00ed jsou: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ovlada\u010de v <strong>Rails<\/strong> vs. akce v Hanami,<\/li>\n<li>specializovan\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy \/ objekty zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavek HTTP, nikoli jeden kontrol\u00e9r pro akce souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem (modelem),<\/li>\n<li>vrstva modelu zalo\u017een\u00e1 na \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch a entit\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1 odd\u011bluje perzistenci od zbytku aplikace, nikoliv vzor aktivn\u00edho z\u00e1znamu. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hanami verze 1 siln\u011b omezuje pou\u017eit\u00ed ROM, na kter\u00e9 je zalo\u017eena (verze 3, a to u\u017e je 5), tak\u017ee se nevyplat\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat tam navr\u017eenou modelovou vrstvu. Proto\u017ee se v\u0161ak jedn\u00e1 o velmi otev\u0159en\u00fd framework, je pom\u011brn\u011b snadn\u00e9 implementovat tam model vlastn\u00ed. <\/p>\n<h2>Dopl\u0148ky pro syst\u00e9m Rails<\/h2>\n<p>Vyplat\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nejsou z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na <strong>Rails<\/strong> a bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se \"\u010dist\u00fdm\" <strong>Ruby<\/strong>. V prezentaci jsou zm\u00edn\u011bny tyto n\u00e1stroje: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sequel (ORM, alternativa k ActiveRecord),<\/li>\n<li>ROM (mapova\u010d objekt\u016f), <\/li>\n<li>knihovny dry-rb: dry-validations, dry-system a dry-monads.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed je snadn\u00e9 um\u00edstit do <a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/dictionary\/why-do-projects-fail\/\">projekt<\/a>, je zalo\u017een na z\u00e1suvn\u00fdch modulech a tak\u00e9 implementuje vzor aktivn\u00edho z\u00e1znamu. M\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed podporu n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fdch dotaz\u016f ne\u017e <strong>Rails<\/strong>' ActiveRecord. <\/p>\n<p>ROM pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Sequel, ale jeho koncepce spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159evodu mezi z\u00e1znamy v datab\u00e1zi (datab\u00e1z\u00edch) a z\u00e1znamem v datab\u00e1zi.<strong> Ruby<\/strong> objekty. Jeho c\u00edlem je rychlost a <a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/blog\/app-data-collection-security-risks-value-and-types-explored\/\">data<\/a> transformace. Jasn\u011b odd\u011bluje vrstvu perzistence v aplikaci. <\/p>\n<p>Knihovny Dry-rb jsou velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>such\u00e1 validace se velmi snadno pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i <a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/blog\/compare-staff-augmentation-firms-that-excel-in-api-team-staffing-for-financial-technology-projects\/\">API<\/a> a umo\u017e\u0148uje velkou kontrolu spr\u00e1vnosti p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch dat, <\/li>\n<li>dry-system vy\u017eaduje trochu cviku a trp\u011blivosti, aby jej v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pochopili, ale umo\u017e\u0148uje velmi flexibiln\u00ed spr\u00e1vu z\u00e1vislost\u00ed v aplikaci a izolovan\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed komponent projektu; pokud chceme tuto knihovnu pou\u017e\u00edt v <strong>Rails<\/strong>, m\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edt such\u00e9 kolejnice, <\/li>\n<li>such\u00e9 mon\u00e1dy jsou teoreticky obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdm konceptem, ale v praxi je jejich pochopen\u00ed jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 mon\u00e1dy mohou b\u00fdt skv\u011bl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it \u010ditelnost. <a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/cs\/dictionary\/what-is-code-refactoring\/\">k\u00f3d<\/a> zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nam\u00edsto v\u011btven\u00ed if. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h2>\n<p>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed je pou\u017e\u00edt <strong>Rails<\/strong> abyste nemuseli pou\u017e\u00edvat<strong> Rails<\/strong> jeden den. <\/p>\n<h2>Zdroje<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u010cl\u00e1nky<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210306055107\/https:\/\/upgrow.shopify.io\/code-smells-in-rails-apps\">V\u016fn\u011b k\u00f3du v aplikac\u00edch Rails (od spole\u010dnosti Shopify)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.hanamirb.org\/v1.3\/repositories\/overview\/\">Hanami: repozytoria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.rubyonrails.org\">Pr\u016fvodci kolejnicemi<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>R\u00e1mce<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sinatrarb.com\">Sinatra<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jeremyevans\/roda\">Roda<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hanamirb.org\">Hanami<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Drahokamy<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jeremyevans\/sequel\">Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rom-rb.org\">ROM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dry-rb.org\">Biblioteki dry-rb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ruby-json-schema\/json-schema\">Valid\u00e1tor sch\u00e9matu JSON v jazyce Ruby (json-schema)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ddnexus\/pagy\">Pagy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jeremyevans\/rodauth\">Rodauth<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/janko\/rodauth-rails\">rodauth-rails<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Specifikace<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/rack\/rack\/blob\/master\/SPEC.rdoc#label-Rack+applications\">Rack<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/json-schema.org\/specification.html\">Sch\u00e9ma JSON<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><article-inline-code-review><\/article-inline-code-review><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/blog\/ruby-on-jets-ruby-aws-lambda\/\">Co je Ruby on Jets a jak pomoc\u00ed n\u011bj vytvo\u0159it aplikaci?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/blog\/vuelendar-a-new-codests-project-based-on-vue-js\/\">Vuelendar. Nov\u00fd projekt Codestu zalo\u017een\u00fd na Vue.js<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/blog\/codests-weekly-report-of-best-tech-articles-building-software-for-50m-concurrent-sockets-10\/\">T\u00fddenn\u00ed p\u0159ehled nejlep\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f spole\u010dnosti Codest. Tvorba softwaru pro 50 milion\u016f soub\u011b\u017en\u00fdch soket\u016f (10)<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rails je framework kompatibiln\u00ed s Rackem, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje na rychl\u00fd v\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel p\u0159\u00edstup \"v\u0161e z krabice\" a slep\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed podle Rails \u010dasto zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee k\u00f3d aplikace ztr\u00e1c\u00ed na kvalit\u011b, a to jak z hlediska p\u0159\u00edjmu (\u010ditelnosti), tak i fungov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3531,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software-development"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rails and Other Means of Transport - The Codest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rails is a Rack-compatible framework focused on quick application development. 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