{"id":3004,"date":"2022-07-08T11:25:57","date_gmt":"2022-07-08T11:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/the-codest.localhost\/blog\/9-mistakes-to-avoid-while-programming-in-java\/"},"modified":"2026-03-09T13:13:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T13:13:14","slug":"9-%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d8%ac%d8%a8-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thecodest.co\/ar\/blog\/9-mistakes-to-avoid-while-programming-in-java\/","title":{"rendered":"9 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/a><\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/strong>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/code> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646) {\n\n   \u0625\u0630\u0627 (!user.isAdult ())) {\n\n       users.remove(user);\n\n   }\n\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f<\/a> \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/code>. \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623\u0646\u0627\u061f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 8's \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 8 - \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 = user.stream()\n\n       .filter(User::isAdult)\n\n       .toList();\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f<\/code> \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 - \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/code>. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646.\u062f\u0641\u0642()\n\n       .Filter(v -> .v.isAdult())\n\n       .forEach(users::remove);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/code> \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/code> \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631<\/code> \u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629()<\/code> \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/code> - \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/code> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/code> \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/code> \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 JVM \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 PermGen \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/code> \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0631[]<\/code> \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631[]<\/code>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u06314\u062c<\/a>. \u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631[]<\/code> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0631[]<\/code> \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 - (\u0639\u062f\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/code>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/code>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/code>\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \n
    \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 {...} \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 e) { \u0633\u062c\u0644 (e)\u061b }<\/code> \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/code> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \n
    \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/code>\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \n
    \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/code>. \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 NullPointerException<\/code> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/code> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644. \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/code> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/code> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629! \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627! \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/code>\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/code>. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong> 8\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/code>. \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    5. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 (\u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0632) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/code> \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong> - \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/code> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/code> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631<\/code> \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631<\/code>. \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 StringBuffer<\/code> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    6. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/a><\/strong>. \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 - \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 Java \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    7. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627<\/a> \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a.  \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u061f \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c TDD \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064e \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    8. \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/a><\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    9. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 JavaEE \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 Spring<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong> SE \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062e \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 JavaEE \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627\"\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/strong>' \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \"JavaEE\" \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    JavaEE \u0647\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 Spring \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648Java EE \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Spring\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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